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Their work helps us better understand how the universe was formed and what it's made of, changing how we understand the universe.

In particular, Peebles' theoretical framework, which formed the basis of our modern-day ideas about the universe, enriched the field of cosmology at large, transforming it from \"from speculation to science,\" according to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, which awarded the prize.

Last year's Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Donna Strickland of Canada, Arthur Ashkin of the United States and Gerard Mourou of France, for their work on harnessing laser light, which led to the invention of Lasik eye surgery. Strickland was the third woman in history awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Nobel prizes in chemistry and literature will continue to be announced this week, with the most famous prize, the Nobel Peace Prize, announced Friday.

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