Randi Weingarten, head of the American Federation of Teachers, says she’s urging the CDC to expand its research to urban schools.

\"Kids need to be in school, and the AFT has advocated consistently for safely reopening in-person learning since last April, but we are concerned this change has been driven by a lack of physical space rather than the hard science on aerosol exposure and transmission,” she wrote in a statement.

Likewise, Becky Pringle, head of the National Education Association said \"we are concerned that the CDC has changed one of the basic rules for how to ensure school safety without demonstrating certainty that the change is justified by the science and can be implemented in a manner that does not detract from the larger long-term needs of students.\"

When pressed by ABC News on the criticism by the unions, Walensky insisted the research pulled from “many different school settings.\" The key was being \"100% masked,\" she said.

“We have done the science, and we've seen the science to ensure that this is safe for those schools,\" Walensky told reporters at a White House press briefing announcing the change.

In justifying its decision, the agency pointed to new studies in Missouri, Florida and Utah that found mask-wearing students inside a classroom weren't the source of outbreaks. The CDC though stuck with its assertion that community levels of viral transmission are still a factor in whether schools can keep COVID-19 out of the classrooms.

The move aligns the CDC with spacing recommendations by the World Health Organization and American Academy of Pediatrics.

\"In summary, the preponderance of the available evidence from U.S. schools indicates that even when students were placed less than 6 feet apart in classrooms, there was limited SARS-CoV-2 transmission when other layered prevention strategies were consistently maintained,\" the CDC noted in a scientific brief citing research internationally and within the U.S.

In a Senate hearing on Thursday, it was clear the CDC is facing significant pressure from lawmakers. In her testimony, Walensky acknowledged the CDC’s earlier suggestion of enforcing 6-feet in schools created an outsized burden for crowded school districts and that many schools ignoring the recommendation were operating without significant problems.

\"PHOTO:
Anna Moneymaker/Pool via Reuters
PHOTO: Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, speaks during during a senate hearing to examine the COVID-19 response, focusing on an update from federal officials, on Capitol Hill in Washington, March 18, 2021.
>

\"Indeed, because 6 feet has been such a challenge, science has leaned in,\" Walensky told a Senate committee, noting the new research underway.

Sen. Susan Collins, Republican of Maine, bluntly responded: \"You need to do it now.\"

The earlier CDC plan suggested loosening that 6-feet restriction only when community transmission levels were extremely low.

Now, the guidance says 3-feet of distancing can be deployed in most cases, although there are exceptions. Teachers and other adult staff should keep 6-feet of distance between each other and with students, according to the guidance.

Students should be kept 6-feet apart any time masks can’t be worn, such as eating, and in common areas like school lobbies. The guidance also recommends 6-feet of distancing when students are exerting themselves such as singing, practicing band instruments, playing sports or exercising at school.

The guidelines also make a distinction for older kids and teens, who are more likely to spread infection than elementary-aged children.

If a community’s COVID rates is at the highest levels – known as the “red zone” -- middle school and high school students should be put into small groups known as “cohorting,” according to the CDC. Otherwise, the school should enforce the 6-feet rule.

The CDC’s updated guidance does not change its recommendations that teacher vaccinations are not necessary to reopen safely, although the CDC says education staff should be prioritized.

ABC News' Cheyenne Haslett, Sophie Tatum and Matthew Vann contributed to this report.

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