At the same time, thousands of people in France took to the streets over the weekend to protest the health passes on the grounds that the rule was an overreach of Macron's power and an infringement of personal freedom, adding to longstanding tension. Even prior to the pandemic, the country had a strong thread of vaccine skepticism running through it.

Researchers on vaccine confidence surveyed more than 65,000 people across 67 countries in 2015 on their attitudes about vaccines. Based on those results, researchers deemed France, where 41% of respondents said they disagreed that vaccines were safe, the world's most vaccine-hesitant country. By comparison, the global average was 13%.

Some experts, however, have pushed back on France's reputation as an anti-vaccine nation. \"There’s a very big difference between what the French say and what they do,\" Laurent-Henri Vignaud, a science historian and coauthor of the book \"Antivax,\" told the Guardian in January. \"And polls whose methodology and questions can seem abstract do not reflect what happens when people know where they will have the vaccine, what it does, the how, when and why.\"

\"PHOTO:
Raymond Roig/AFP via Getty Images
PHOTO: People speak with health workers before receiving a dose of a Covid-19 vaccine at a vaccination center in Perpignan, France, July 18, 2021.
>

Some neighboring European countries seem similarly willing to take a hard line on compulsory vaccination. Italy announced that it would introduce its own mandatory health pass system starting Aug. 6.

ABC News' Aaron Katersky contributed to this report.

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